Run the motion chart.
Research suggests that education at all levels, formal and non-formal, is capable of producing democratic effects through bottom-up and top-down processes.
Most academic studies assessing the democratic potential of formal education mechanisms have found primary education to be particularly significant for democratic development.
A commitment to democratic ideals appears to increase with progressively higher levels of education, and higher education may result in top-down pressures for democracy.
More equal distribution of educational provision, particularly at primary level, increases support for democracy. Non-formal education programmes provide wider access to education and may also have a stronger positive impact on democratic engagement than formal education mechanisms.
